值得纳入您饮食中的铁质来源
内容:
铁在我们体内扮演许多重要角色,其中包括:它参与形成红细胞,红细胞几乎占体内循环血容量的一半。然而,重要的是要知道,铁作为一种成分,最好与食物一起摄入。那么,饮食中最好的铁来源是什么?
铁在体内的作用
尽管铁在体内扮演着非常重要的角色,但与缺铁相关的问题非常常见。铁对于组织再生、免疫系统增强以及新红细胞(即红细胞)的生成是必需的。缺铁时,血液中血红蛋白的浓度下降——血红蛋白的任务是将氧气输送到组织。满足身体对铁的需求是肌肉,特别是心脏,正常功能的基础。
食物中的天然铁来源
大多数波兰人饮食中铁的主要来源是许多植物性产品,但主要是动物性产品(所谓的血红素产品)。它们被认为是最佳(虽然不是唯一的)铁来源,主要因为其高蛋白质含量,有助于铁的吸收。这些包括:
- 肉类和熟食——牛肉、小牛肉和家禽(鹅和鸭),
- 内脏及其制品——尤其是肝脏(家禽和猪肉)、肾脏和血肠,
- 鱼类——鲭鱼、鲱鱼和沙丁鱼,
- 鸡蛋。
红肉,如牛肉,含铁量最高,100克可含有多达3毫克铁。海鲜在我们的区域饮食中较少见,其中贝类铁含量较高。
纯素饮食中的植物性铁来源
在日常饮食中,您还应摄取植物性铁来源(所谓非血红素铁产品),这类食品种类丰富。尤其值得选择以下食物:
- 谷物制品——黍米、荞麦和燕麦片,
- 种子和坚果——南瓜籽、葵花籽、罂粟籽、芝麻、开心果和杏仁
- 可可粉,
- 豆类——大豆、豆子、小扁豆和豌豆,
- 香草——如欧芹和莳萝叶,
- 蔬菜——土豆、菠菜、西兰花,
- 水果——干杏、李子、桃子、蓝莓和苹果。
如何合理利用饮食中的铁来源
人体每日铁需求量取决于性别和年龄等因素。大致如下:
- 男性每日10毫克,
- 19至50岁女性每日20毫克,
- 孕妇每日27毫克,
- 哺乳期妇女每日10毫克。
如果您想预防缺铁,除了饮食中含铁外,还应关注维生素C、B族维生素(尤其是B12和叶酸)等成分,这些有助于促进铁的合成。为此,建议选择天然的膳食补充剂,并确保我们的餐盘中含有蛋白质和天然含有有机酸的产品。
还有一些成分应适量摄入,因为它们会降低铁的生物利用度。例如,膳食纤维、锌、铜或镁等成分,以及大量存在于黑咖啡和茶中的多酚和单宁。还应注意草酸盐,其来源除了酸模外,还有菠菜。在制定健康饮食计划时,最好避免摄入高度加工且富含磷的食品,如方便食品、速食或劣质肉类。
编辑的选择
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